STEM-Based PBL Model Influeces Students’ Numeration and Critical Thinking Abilitied in the Arithmetic Sequence Unit
Keywords:
arithmetic sequences, critical thinking, numeracy skills, PBL, Tapak STEM-based Project-Based LearningAbstract
Background: Students’ numeracy and critical thinking skills in learning arithmetic sequences are still relatively low because classroom instruction tends to be teacher-centered and provides limited opportunities for students to engage in problem-solving activities. Therefore, an innovative learning model is needed to improve these abilities. This study aims to examine the effect of the STEM-based Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on students’ numeracy and critical thinking skills and to compare its effectiveness with the conventional Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model.
Methods: This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design to analyze the effect of the STEM-based Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on students' numeracy and critical thinking skills in arithmetic sequences. The research subjects consisted of 56 grade XI students divided into an experimental class and a control class, each consisting of 28 students. The experimental class implemented the STEM-based PBL model, while the control class used teacher-centered learning according to the National Curriculum. Data were obtained through pre-tests and post-tests using validated test instruments. Data analysis was carried out using normality, homogeneity, N-Gain, and independent sample t-tests.
Results: The findings revealed that the mean score of students’ numeracy skills in the control class was 7.7188, while the experimental class achieved 10.7500, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. In addition, the average critical thinking score in the control class was 24.8750, whereas the experimental class reached 35.0313, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. These findings indicate that the STEM-based PBL model significantly improved students’ numeracy and critical thinking skills.
Conclusion: The STEM-based PBL model was more effective than the conventional PBL model in improving students’ numeracy and critical thinking skills in the arithmetic sequence unit.
References
Alfita, N. A., Harianto, D., Alfita, N. A., Ramadhani, N., Wahid, Abd., Sukri, M. A., & Fahlan, Muh. F. (2025). Efektivitas Strategi Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berfikir Siswa. Contemporary Education Review, 1(1), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.69875/cer.v1i1.297
Azizah, A., & Angelina, N. N. (2025). Efektivitas Pembelajaran Berbasis STEM dalam Meningkatkan Kreativitas dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMP Negeri 1 Jombang. Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 1(2), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.70716/josme.v1i2.169
Balt, M., Fritz, A., & Ehlert, A. (2020). Insights Into First Grade Students’ Development of Conceptual Numerical Understanding as Drawn From Progression-Based Assessments. Frontiers in Education, 5(June), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.00080
Bawamenewi, A., Lase, J. H., Zega, E. F., & Gea, L. I. (2024). The Use of Audio-Visual Media on Student Learning Interest in Explanatory Text Material. International Journal of Language and Ubiquitous Learning, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.70177/ijlul.v2i2.1101
Çeken, B., & Taşkın, N. (2022). Multimedia learning principles in different learning environments: a systematic review. Smart Learning Environments, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-022-00200-2
Chi, X., Bo, A., Liu, T., Zhang, P., & Chi, I. (2018). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression in adolescents and young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(JUN), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01034
Dewi, N. N. S. K., Arnyana, I. B. P., & Margunayasa, I. G. (2023). Project Based Learning Berbasis STEM: Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Hasil Belajar Siswa. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Profesi Guru, 6(1), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.23887/jippg.v6i1.59857
Dore, R. A., Logan, J., Lin, T. J., Purtell, K. M., & Justice, L. M. (2020). Associations Between Children’s Media Use and Language and Literacy Skills. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(August), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01734
Edu, A. L., Jaya, P. R. P., & Ni, L. (2021). The Phenomenon of Learning Motivation of Elementary School Students. International Journal of Elementary Education, 5(2), 337–342. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijee.v5i2.33934
Etyarisky, V., & Marsigit, M. (2022). The Effectiveness of Interactive Learning Multimedia with a Contextual Approach to Student’s Understanding Mathematical Concepts. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 14(3), 3101–3110. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i3.941
Fitriani, I. F., Wijayanti, K., Rachmani Dewi (Nino Adhi), N., Mariani, S., & Agoestanto, A. (2024). META ANALISIS : PENGARUH MODEL PROJECT BASED LEARNING BERPENDEKATAN STEM TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIS SISWA. HISTOGRAM: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.31100/histogram.v8i1.3340
Hadi, S., Dolk, M., Kamaliyah, & Hidayanto, T. (2025). Mathematical reasoning: How students learn mathematics? Journal on Mathematics Education, 16(3), 937–954. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.v16i3.pp937-954
Manulang, W., Haifaturrahmah, Linda Sekar Utami, Syaharuddin, & Siti Ala. (2024). The Audio-Visual Media on Cognitive Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar, 7(4), 641–648. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v7i4.61138
Mingjing, H., & Yidi, F. (2022). The Cultivation of Students’ Logical Thinking in Chinese Primary School Mathematics Education. IJECA (International Journal of Education and Curriculum Application), 5(2), 190. https://doi.org/10.31764/ijeca.v5i2.10204
Muhammad Fathoni, I., & Haryani, S. (2018). Mathematically Creative Thinking Abilities Students of Elementary School on Learning Inquiry Training Based on Learningstyle Article Info. Journal of Primary Education JPE, 7(2), 121–128.
Norfadila, Herwin, & Nursakinah. (2024). Audio Visual Learning Media on Elementary School Students’ Interest in Learning. International Journal of Elementary Education, 8(3), 438–447. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijee.v8i3.78194
Oktaviani, M., Dwihapsari, K., Islami, M. N., Dewi, N. P., Fadilah, R. N., & Palupi, Z. D. (2023). Cognitive Development of Elementary School Children in Developing Critical Thinking Ability and Understanding Mathematical Concepts. International Education Trend Issues, 1(2), 134–142. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56442/ieti.v1i3.178
Rahmi, R., & Rini, T. P. W. (2025). Integrasi Model PBL, STEAM, kontekstual dan media geomath: meningkatkan pemecahan masalah dan berpikir kreatif siswa. Papanda Journal of Mathematics and Science Research, 4(2), 243–254. https://doi.org/10.56916/pjmsr.v4i2.2307
Rediani, N. N. (2024). Exploring the World of Numeracy: An Analysis of Third-Grade Elementary School Students. International Journal of Elementary Education, 8(1), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijee.v8i1.68455
Rendi Rendi, Marni Marni, Tia Neonane, & Mozes Lawalata. (2024). Peran Logika Dalam Berfikir Kritis Untuk Membangun Kemampuan Memahami Dan Menginterpretasi Informasi. Sinar Kasih: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Dan Filsafat, 2(2), 82–98. https://doi.org/10.55606/sinarkasih.v2i2.313
Sari, D. A. P., Wahyuni, S., Astuti, S. R. D., & Barid, S. S. A. Q. (2026). Systematic Literature Review Model PBL Untuk Penguatan Kemampuan STEM Pada Pembelajaran IPA SMP. Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan IPA, 6(1), 140–153. https://doi.org/10.52434/jkpi.v6i1.43193
Setiawati, L. M., Mahsup, Abdillah, & Syaharuddin. (2024). The Impact of Using Audio-Visual Interactive Media in Learning Mathematics. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and Review, 7(2), 308–320. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijerr.v7i2.63824
Shidqi, Ach. R., Hardiansyah, F., & Astuti, Y. P. (2025). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbasis STEM terhadap Kemampuan Numerasi Siswa di Sekolah Dasar. Journal of Education Research, 6(3), 511–517. https://doi.org/10.37985/jer.v6i3.2459
Sudarsono, S., Mawaddah, I., & Heriyanto, H. (2026). Efektifitas Pembelajaran STEM Berbasis Etnomatematika terhadap Kemapuan Pemecahan Masalah Geometri Siswa SMPN 1 Madapangga Kelas VIII. JURNAL PENDIDIKAN MIPA, 16(2), 583–590. https://doi.org/10.37630/jpm.v16i2.4241
Sugiyono, D. (2015). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan Tindakan.
Wayan, N. (2016). Modul Statitika Dengan SPSS. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 5(1), 1–105.
Yuniar, V., & Hadi, S. (2023). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran PBL Berbasis STEM Menggunakan Bantuan Mind Mapping terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif. Jurnal Tadris IPA Indonesia, 3(1), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.21154/jtii.v3i1.1165
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhibbatud Diana, Edy Widayat, Sucipto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
